Category Archives: Climatology

Thanksgiving climatology: Comfortable temps, dry conditions the norm

Denver and Thornton's historical Thanksgiving weather.The holiday season is about to kick off with Thanksgiving and with many folks traveling in the coming weeks, the focus is oftentimes on the weather.  Looking back at Denver’s historical Thanksgiving weather, we see that the day is usually dry with comfortable temperatures.

Details on every Thanksgiving in Denver since recordkeeping began in 1872 is below.  While calm and dry may be the norm, that doesn’t mean that drama isn’t possible.

For this year, what can we expect?  At this time it all depends on which forecast model you want to believe.

The GFS indicates a cold front with temperatures in the 30s.  The ECMWF points to ridging which would lead to an unseasonably warm day.  Which would we side with?  For right now we prefer the ECMWF solution.

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From the National Weather Service – Thanksgiving climatology:

Average High: 49
Average Low: 24

Warmest: 73 (1909)
Coldest: -18 (1877)

Greatest Daily Snowfall: 8.5″ (1928)
Chance of Measurable Snow (>=0.1″): 12%

Year High Low Snowfall
2013 51 24
2012 58 23
2011 69 38
2010 40 4
2009 66 24
2008 44 25
2007 29 8 0.1
2006 63 30
2005 55 25
2004 60 33
2003 37 10
2002 59 22
2001 57 29
2000 42 26
1999 50 24
1998 72 35
1997 52 33 0.7
1996 58 27
1995 56 31
1994 58 29
1993 18 -5 T
1992 42 12
1991 33 27 T
1990 53 27
1989 58 21
1988 63 33
1987 30 24 5
1986 62 32
1985 39 13 T
1984 54 29
1983 48 18
1982 50 18
1981 38 11
1980 47 14
1979 36 11
1978 57 25
1977 54 30
1976 61 34
1975 39 15
1974 29 10 0.9
1973 42 20 T
1972 50 20
1971 60 24
1970 49 29 0.2
1969 47 13
1968 34 15 1.6
1967 48 27 T
1966 47 26
1965 57 31 T
1964 45 28
1963 48 19
1962 52 22
1961 51 26
1960 68 34
1959 28 12 0.5
1958 19 -4 4.8
1957 52 20 0.2
1956 52 22
1955 48 20
1954 68 35
1953 59 36
1952 21 -5
1951 53 24 T
1950 49 13 T
1949 66 56
1948 41 26
1947 48 29 0.6
1946 61 40
1945 39 15
1944 64 33
1943 38 19 4
1942 36 19
1941 34 17
1940 50 24
1939 56 35
1938 41 14
1937 53 32
1936 55 30
1935 54 36
1934 33 16 T
1933 45 33
1932 68 33
1931 28 12
1930 49 22
1929 59 24
1928 31 21 8.5
1927 59 30
1926 56 43
1925 50 30
1924 54 30
1923 50 24
1922 44 30 T
1921 56 30
1920 48 28
1919 -1 -5 0.6
1918 31 15
1917 51 35
1916 66 31
1915 44 29
1914 61 34
1913 51 28
1912 57 39
1911 52 24
1910 71 47
1909 73 34
1908 38 11
1907 46 25
1906 45 26
1905 32 10
1904 62 25
1903 63 30
1902 55 28
1901 72 29
1900 57 28
1899 47 36
1898 36 13
1897 37 22 2
1896 23 2 0.9
1895 50 29
1894 51 27
1893 58 26
1892 65 37
1891 59 35
1890 60 25
1889 28 21
1888 34 28 0.1
1887 43 21
1886 42 20
1885 52 32
1884 56 33
1883 68 34
1882 64 34
1881 47 17
1880 27 2
1879 30 17
1878 50 22
1877 16 -18
1876 27 3
1875 51 29
1874 62 25
1873 28 10
1872 56 22

November weather preview: A month that can bring just about anything

Thornton's November weather previewThe weather during the month of November in Denver metro area can offer just about anything.  While it is normally a quiet month, it can be prone to extremes.

November is Denver’s second snowiest month and major snowstorms are not entirely uncommon.  However conditions can also be quite dry.

Temperatures during the month continue to cool as we get closer to winter and by the end of the month the low temperatures routinely dip to 20 degrees or below.  At times it can in fact bring conditions more like what we see in January.

Get all the details on November’s weather and what we can expect in our complete preview here.

Denver sets record high temperature for October 15

Record setting high temperatures in Thornton.As expected, temperatures in the Mile High City today were unseasonably warm and climbed to record-setting levels.  However, while Denver broke a high temperature record, Thornton fell quite a ways short.

Out at Denver International Airport, the mercury topped out at 83 degrees.  This bested the previous record high for the date of 82 degrees set in 2011 and previous years.

Here in Thornton, the cloud cover arrived earlier than the airport and impacted our readings.  We saw a maximum today of 77.9 degrees.

Across the board, temperature readings in the metro area were well above the average high of 66 degrees for the date.

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Thornton’s October weather preview: Fall begins to make its presence felt

Thornton, Colorado October weather preview.With the first full month of fall here, October usually brings one of the quietest weather months in the Denver area with plenty of mild, sunny days and clear, cool nights.

October is historically the second sunniest month and conditions are generally calm.

However we also will usually see our first taste of winter during the month with the first freeze and first snowfall of the season.  Temperatures as well will start to drop and by the end of the month the average nighttime lows are below freezing.

For complete details on our historical October weather and what we can expect in the coming month, read our complete October weather preview here.

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September 2014 weather recap: Thornton temps near normal, precipitation above normal

Thornton’s September this year was relatively benign and lacking much drama although it was a bit of a rollercoaster.  Temperatures had their large swings and we saw a couple of days with healthy precipitation.

The month started out slightly cooler than normal on the first but then warmed over the next couple of days to a high of 93.8 degrees on the third.

Low pressure and a cold front brought an end to the heat and three days of cooler than normal temperatures arrived.  Two of those three days combined to deliver more than a half inch of precipitation.

Warmer and drier weather returned for a few days before a more potent cold front pushed in.  The 11th and 12th of the month brought our coldest days of the month.  Low temperatures became quite chilly dropping to below freezing on the morning of the 13th as the system moved out.

Some rain fell on those days and while Denver recorded a trace of snow on the morning of the 12th, none was seen in Thornton.

We then rebounded nicely with 10 of the next 11 days seeing high temperatures above 80 degrees, many of those in the mid to upper 80s.

Things cooled down for the last three days as a strong system moved through.  We recorded a significant 0.86 inches of rain on the 29th.

Thornton’s overall average temperature for the month was 62.6 degrees.  This was a bit below the long term Denver average of 63.4 degrees.  Out at the airport, it was as usual warmer with an average of 64.8 degrees.

Temperatures ranged from a high of 93.8 degrees on the 3rd down to a chilly low of 30.9 degrees on the 13th.  Denver’s warmest day matched ours on the 3rd with a reading of 94 degrees while the Mile High City’s coldest reading of 33 degrees came on the 12th.

Denver saw one temperature record during the month.  The record high minimum for September 25th was set with a reading of 56 degrees.  This tied the record for the date last set in 1981.

In terms of precipitation, Thornton recorded 1.89 inches in the rain bucket for the month.  Denver saw 1.79 inches.  Both were well above Denver’s September average of 0.96 inches.

A daily rainfall record for Denver was set on the 29th when 1.01 inches fell at the airport.  The old record of 0.96 inch for the date was set in 1959.

Click here to view Thornton’s September 2014 climate report.

Thornton, Colorado’s September 2014 Temperature Summary. (ThorntonWeather.com)
Thornton, Colorado’s September 2014 Temperature Summary. (ThorntonWeather.com)
Thornton, Colorado’s September 2014 Precipitation Summary. (ThorntonWeather.com)
Thornton, Colorado’s September 2014 Precipitation Summary. (ThorntonWeather.com)
...THE DENVER CO CLIMATE SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2014...

CLIMATE NORMAL PERIOD 1981 TO 2010
CLIMATE RECORD PERIOD 1872 TO 2014

WEATHER         OBSERVED          NORMAL  DEPART  LAST YEAR`S
                 VALUE   DATE(S)  VALUE   FROM    VALUE  DATE(S)
                                          NORMAL
................................................................
TEMPERATURE (F)
RECORD
 HIGH              97   09/06/2013
                        09/05/2013
                        09/04/1995
 LOW               17   09/29/1985
HIGHEST            94   09/03        91       3       97  09/06
                                                          09/05
LOWEST             33   09/12        35      -2       38  09/28
AVG. MAXIMUM     78.9              78.5     0.4     78.6
AVG. MINIMUM     50.6              48.3     2.3     54.2
MEAN             64.8              63.4     1.4     66.4
DAYS MAX >= 90      2               3.4    -1.4        7
DAYS MAX <= 32      0               0.0     0.0        0
DAYS MIN <= 32      0               0.8    -0.8        0
DAYS MIN <= 0       0               0.0     0.0        0 
PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 
RECORD
  MAXIMUM         5.61   2013
  MINIMUM            T   1892                         1944 
TOTALS           1.79              0.96    0.83     5.61 
DAILY AVG.       0.06              0.03    0.03     0.19 
DAYS >= .01         9               6.5     2.5       10
DAYS >= .10         4               3.3     0.7       10
DAYS >= .50         1               0.6     0.4        3
DAYS >= 1.00        1               0.1     0.9        2
GREATEST
 24 HR. TOTAL    1.01   09/29 TO 09/29           09/14 TO 09/15

SNOWFALL (INCHES)
RECORDS
 TOTAL             17.2   1991
TOTALS              T               1.3     -1.3       0

DEGREE_DAYS
HEATING TOTAL      91               125     -34       83
 SINCE 7/1         98               141     -43       83
COOLING TOTAL      88                76      12      133
 SINCE 1/1        701               764     -63      999

FREEZE DATES
RECORD
 EARLIEST     09/08/1962
 LATEST       06/08/2007
EARLIEST                        10/07
LATEST                          05/05
.....................................................

WIND (MPH)
AVERAGE WIND SPEED              9.4
RESULTANT WIND SPEED/DIRECTION   3/186
HIGHEST WIND SPEED/DIRECTION    33/350    DATE  09/09
HIGHEST GUST SPEED/DIRECTION    40/360    DATE  09/09

SKY COVER
POSSIBLE SUNSHINE (PERCENT)   MM
AVERAGE SKY COVER           0.50
NUMBER OF DAYS FAIR           13
NUMBER OF DAYS PC             11
NUMBER OF DAYS CLOUDY          6

AVERAGE RH (PERCENT)     55

WEATHER CONDITIONS. NUMBER OF DAYS WITH
THUNDERSTORM              3     MIXED PRECIP               0
HEAVY RAIN                1     RAIN                       6
LIGHT RAIN                9     FREEZING RAIN              0
LT FREEZING RAIN          0     HAIL                       0
HEAVY SNOW                0     SNOW                       0
LIGHT SNOW                2     SLEET                      0
FOG                       9     FOG W/VIS <= 1/4 MILE      1
HAZE                      3

-  INDICATES NEGATIVE NUMBERS.
R  INDICATES RECORD WAS SET OR TIED.
MM INDICATES DATA IS MISSING.
T  INDICATES TRACE AMOUNT.

September snowfall in Denver not so unusual

September snow in Denver?  Possible and not at all unusual.
September snow in Denver? Possible and not at all unusual.

With a significant blast of cold air set to arrive this week, there is a chance for the Mile High City to see its first snowfall of the season.  While such an event would be the first September snow of this millennium, it would hardly be unusual.

Looking back at Denver’s snowfall records dating to 1882, 45 Septembers have recorded a trace or more of snowfall.  That means that out of 132 Septembers including this one, roughly one third of them have seen snow. Overall, the month averages 1.1 inches.

Of those 45 Septembers with snow, 17 were for only a trace.  Twenty eight, or roughly 21 percent, had measurable snowfall of 0.1” or more.

Denver’s heaviest 24 hour September snowfall came between September 24 and 25 in 1936 when a hefty 15.0 inches fell to the ground.  That snowfall contributed to 1936 taking its place as the second snowiest September on record.

For the entire month of September, some years saw rather significant totals.  The top 10 September snowfall totals include:

17.2 inches in 1971
16.5 inches in 1936
12.9 inches in 1959
11.4 inches in 1895
8.7 inches in 1985
7.4 inches in 1995
6.5 inches in 1908
5.8 inches in 1961
5.5 inches in 1965
5.4 inches in 1993

The earliest snowfall on record occurred on September 3, 1961.  On that date 4 inches of snowfall fell at the old Stapleton International Airport and the mercury dropped to a low of 33 degrees.

The last time Denver saw a September snow was on September 23, 2000 when 0.2 inches was recorded.

On average, we receive our first snow on October 19 so should snow fall, it will be well ahead of normal.

The cold that looks to come could very well bring an end to the growing season.  The Mile High City’s first frost on average comes on September 20th followed by the average first freeze on October 7.  Given that, a frost at the current time of the month is not that far off the mark.  It does not appear at this moment we will see that first freeze – yet – but a frost is possible.

Will September 2014 break the 13 year streak with no September snow?  Standby and check our forecast for the latest.

Thornton’s September weather preview: Usually one of our more pleasant months

Following on a cooler and wetter than normal August, the month of September arrives and one can’t help but wonder if an early fall lies in wait as well.  The month can bring our first snow of the season but more often than not, it is one of the most pleasant along the Colorado Front Range.

As temperatures start to drop, September usually reminds us that summer is at an end and fall is now here. Sunshine is predominant though as the month actually has the highest percentage of sun out of any month. Sunny days and clear, cool nights are the standard weather pattern for the month.

The month can bring extremes however.  We will of course forever remember last year’s devastating floods brought on by record-setting rain.  Longtime residents might remember September 1971 which brought over 17 inches of snowfall.

Get a complete look at September’s weather and more details as to what we can expect this year here.

August 2014 weather recap: Thornton sees cooler than normal temps, near normal precip

Periods of monsoonal moisture contributed to rain and clouds in August 2014.  Coupled with the occasional cold front, the end result was a month that saw temperatures below normal and regular daily thunderstorms.

Thornton’s average temperature for the month came in at 68.2 degrees.  This was more than four degrees cooler than Denver’s long term August average of 72.5 degrees.  Out at Denver International Airport it was similarly cool with an average reading of 70.6 degrees.

Temperatures in Thornton ranged from a high of 94.4 degrees on the 17th down to a low of 47.6 degrees on the 30th.  Only six days saw readings of 90 degrees or higher.

Denver’s warmest reading of 91 degrees occurred on the 17th and again on the 19th.  Low readings of 52 degrees were seen on four days during the month.  Four 90 degree days were recorded at DIA.

In terms of precipitation, Thornton measured 1.55 inches in the rain bucket over the course of the month.  This was slightly below Denver’s August average of 1.69 inches.

The airport however fared better with 2.73 inches as many of the afternoon storms didn’t really get started until they were past Thornton.

Click here to view Thornton’s August 2014 climate report.

Thornton, Colorado's August 2014 Temperature Summary. (ThorntonWeather.com)
Thornton, Colorado’s August 2014 Temperature Summary. (ThorntonWeather.com)
Thornton, Colorado's August 2014 Precipitation Summary. (ThorntonWeather.com)
Thornton, Colorado’s August 2014 Precipitation Summary. (ThorntonWeather.com)
CLIMATE REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BOULDER, CO
136 PM MDT MON SEP 1 2014

...................................

...THE DENVER CO CLIMATE SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 2014...

CLIMATE NORMAL PERIOD 1981 TO 2010
CLIMATE RECORD PERIOD 1872 TO 2014

WEATHER         OBSERVED          NORMAL  DEPART  LAST YEAR`S
                 VALUE   DATE(S)  VALUE   FROM    VALUE  DATE(S)
                                          NORMAL
................................................................
TEMPERATURE (F)
RECORD
 HIGH             105   08/08/1878
 LOW               40   08/26/1910
                        08/25/1910
                        08/24/1910
                        08/22/1904
HIGHEST            91   08/19       105     -14       99  08/20
                        08/17
LOWEST             52   08/31        40      12       52  08/09
                        08/30
                        08/25
                        08/24
AVG. MAXIMUM     83.8              87.2    -3.4     89.4
AVG. MINIMUM     57.4              57.9    -0.5     59.8
MEAN             70.6              72.5    -1.9     74.6
DAYS MAX >= 90      4              11.5    -7.5       16
DAYS MAX <= 32      0               0.0     0.0        0
DAYS MIN <= 32      0               0.0     0.0        0
DAYS MIN <= 0       0               0.0     0.0        0

PRECIPITATION (INCHES)
RECORD
 MAXIMUM         5.85   1979
 MINIMUM         0.02   1924
TOTALS           2.73              1.69    1.04     2.78
DAILY AVG.       0.09              0.05    0.04     0.09
DAYS >= .01        13               8.6     4.4        7
DAYS >= .10         5               4.3     0.7        2
DAYS >= .50         3               1.2     1.8        2
DAYS >= 1.00        0               0.3    -0.3        1
GREATEST
 24 HR. TOTAL    1.45   08/25 TO 08/26

SNOWFALL (INCHES)
RECORDS
 TOTAL            0.0
TOTALS            0.0               0.0

DEGREE_DAYS
HEATING TOTAL       2                10      -8        0
 SINCE 7/1          7                16      -9        0
COOLING TOTAL     182               244     -62      308
 SINCE 1/1        613               688     -75      866

FREEZE DATES
RECORD
 EARLIEST     09/08/1962
 LATEST       06/08/2007
EARLIEST                        10/07
LATEST                          05/05
..................................................

WIND (MPH)
AVERAGE WIND SPEED              8.9
RESULTANT WIND SPEED/DIRECTION   3/194
HIGHEST WIND SPEED/DIRECTION    48/320    DATE  08/25
HIGHEST GUST SPEED/DIRECTION    48/320    DATE  08/25

SKY COVER
POSSIBLE SUNSHINE (PERCENT)   MM
AVERAGE SKY COVER           0.50
NUMBER OF DAYS FAIR            5
NUMBER OF DAYS PC             24
NUMBER OF DAYS CLOUDY          2

AVERAGE RH (PERCENT)     53

WEATHER CONDITIONS. NUMBER OF DAYS WITH
THUNDERSTORM             14     MIXED PRECIP               0
HEAVY RAIN                5     RAIN                       4
LIGHT RAIN               17     FREEZING RAIN              0
LT FREEZING RAIN          0     HAIL                       1
HEAVY SNOW                0     SNOW                       0
LIGHT SNOW                0     SLEET                      0
FOG                       6     FOG W/VIS <= 1/4 MILE      0
HAZE                      1

-  INDICATES NEGATIVE NUMBERS.
R  INDICATES RECORD WAS SET OR TIED.
MM INDICATES DATA IS MISSING.
T  INDICATES TRACE AMOUNT.

Thornton’s August weather preview: Summer starts to come to a close

As summer vacations wind down and families prepare to send their kids back to school in August, Colorado weather also starts to settle down. The chances for severe weather decrease markedly during August and by the end of the month daytime temperatures are dropping quite a bit as well. Find out more about what lies ahead with Thornton’s August weather here.

June 2014 weather recap: Slightly cooler, drier than normal conditions for the month

All-in-all, while temperatures and precipitation rain a bit lower than average, June 2014’s weather was pretty close to what we typically expect to see.  Thunderstorms made their appearances as always but we were spared much in the way of severe weather.

A series of fronts and troughs moved through northern Colorado during the month.  This helped to keep temperatures down and provided thunderstorms with a bit of regularity.

  • June 2014 top shots: Monthly photo slideshow
  • Thornton’s average temperature for the month came in at 66.5 degrees.  This is less than one degree below Denver’s historical June average of 67.4 degrees.  The Mile High City’s average came in slightly warmer at 67.3 degrees.

    Temperatures in Thornton ranged from a high of 92.1 degrees on June 3rd down to a low of 38.2 degrees on the morning of the 9th.  Denver was warmer on both measurements with a maximum reading of 94 degrees on the 26th and a low of 42 degrees on the 15th.

    Six days saw temperatures top the 90 degree mark in Thornton and Denver.  This is below the historical average of 7.9 days of 90 degree or warmer readings we expect to see.

    No temperature records were set during the month.

    In terms of precipitation, Thornton had 1.59 inches fall into our rain bucket.  Denver was a bit wetter with 1.82 inches.  Both fell below the June average of 1.98 inches.  Thornton saw eight days with measurable precipitation, Denver nine.

    Denver set a daily precipitation record of 0.51 inches on the 27th.  This bested the old record for that date of 0.29 inches in 1949.  Thornton recorded 0.60 inches on the same day.

    Click here to view Thornton’s June 2014 climate report.

    Thornton, Colorado temperature summary for June 2014.
    Thornton, Colorado temperature summary for June 2014.
    Thornton, Colorado precipitation summary for June 2014.
    Thornton, Colorado precipitation summary for June 2014.
    ...THE DENVER CO CLIMATE SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 2014...
    
    CLIMATE NORMAL PERIOD 1981 TO 2010
    CLIMATE RECORD PERIOD 1872 TO 2014
    
    WEATHER         OBSERVED          NORMAL  DEPART  LAST YEAR`S
                     VALUE   DATE(S)  VALUE   FROM    VALUE  DATE(S)
                                              NORMAL
    ................................................................
    TEMPERATURE (F)
    RECORD
     HIGH             105   06/26/2012
                            06/25/2012
                            54/01/2206
     LOW               30   06/02/1951
    HIGHEST            94   06/26
    LOWEST             42   06/15
    AVG. MAXIMUM     83.4              82.4     1.0     87.8
    AVG. MINIMUM     51.2              52.3    -1.1     54.3
    MEAN             67.3              67.4    -0.1     71.1
    DAYS MAX >= 90      6               7.9    -1.9       14
    DAYS MAX <= 32      0               0.0     0.0        0
    DAYS MIN <= 32      0               0.0     0.0        0
    DAYS MIN <= 0       0               0.0     0.0        0
    
    PRECIPITATION (INCHES)
    RECORD
     MAXIMUM         4.96   1882
     MINIMUM            T   1890
    TOTALS           1.82              1.98   -0.16     0.75
    DAILY AVG.       0.06              0.07   -0.01     0.03
    DAYS >= .01         9               8.4     0.6        4
    DAYS >= .10         5               4.6     0.4        2
    DAYS >= .50         1               1.4    -0.4        1
    DAYS >= 1.00        0               0.3    -0.3        0
    GREATEST
     24 HR. TOTAL    0.51   06/27 TO 06/27           06/23 TO 06/23
                            06/26 TO 06/27                    06/22 TO 06/23
                            06/27 TO 06/27                    06/23 TO 06/23
     STORM TOTAL       MM                                 MM
     (MM/DD(HH))            MM                    06/23(00) TO 06/23(00)
                                                     06/23(00) TO 06/23(00)3
                                                     06/23(00) TO 06/23(00)3
    
    SNOWFALL (INCHES)
    RECORDS
     TOTAL             MM   MM
    TOTALS            0.0               0.0
    
    DEGREE_DAYS
    HEATING TOTAL      30                62     -32       29
     SINCE 7/1       6004              6058     -54     6084
    COOLING TOTAL     106               133     -27      221
     SINCE 1/1        127               155     -28      263
    
    FREEZE DATES
    RECORD
     EARLIEST     09/08/1962
     LATEST       06/08/2007
    EARLIEST      10/04             10/07
    LATEST        05/14             05/05
    ....................................................
    
    WIND (MPH)
    AVERAGE WIND SPEED              10.5
    RESULTANT WIND SPEED/DIRECTION   3/148
    HIGHEST WIND SPEED/DIRECTION    39/300    DATE  06/18
    HIGHEST GUST SPEED/DIRECTION    55/220    DATE  06/18
    
    SKY COVER
    POSSIBLE SUNSHINE (PERCENT)   MM
    AVERAGE SKY COVER           0.50
    NUMBER OF DAYS FAIR            8
    NUMBER OF DAYS PC             21
    NUMBER OF DAYS CLOUDY          1
    
    AVERAGE RH (PERCENT)     53
    
    WEATHER CONDITIONS. NUMBER OF DAYS WITH
    THUNDERSTORM              0     MIXED PRECIP               0
    HEAVY RAIN                3     RAIN                       3
    LIGHT RAIN               12     FREEZING RAIN              0
    LT FREEZING RAIN          0     HAIL                       3
    HEAVY SNOW                0     SNOW                       0
    LIGHT SNOW                0     SLEET                      0
    FOG                       7     FOG W/VIS <= 1/4 MILE      4
    HAZE                      4
    
    -  INDICATES NEGATIVE NUMBERS.
    R  INDICATES RECORD WAS SET OR TIED.
    MM INDICATES DATA IS MISSING.
    T  INDICATES TRACE AMOUNT.